THE CHRISTIANS KINGDOMS (Unit 12-Science Y6)

We will continue learning about how things happened in the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages.
Remember first were the Visigoths then the peninsula was invaded by the Muslims, and now we are going to learn how the Christians reconquested The Iberian Peninsula.

This video will show you how everything took place.

THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS

• The long period of expansion of the Christian kingdoms started only eleven years after the Muslins invasion. It is called RECONQUEST.

• By around 1230, there were FOUR LARGE KINGDOMS:
• KINGDOM OF PORTUGAL, it was independent from Leon.
• KINGDOM OF NAVARRE, Navarra and La Rioja.
• CROWN OF ARAGON: Catalonia Counties, Kingdom of Aragon, Valencia and Majorca.
• CROWN OF CASTILE: Includes the Kind of of Castille and the Kindom of Leon. Later it included Al Anlandalus. 

• In 1479, Isabella I of Castille married Ferdinand II of Aragon, and the Crown of Aragon and the Crown of Castile were united. 

 

MEDIEVAL SOCIETY

There were three groups of people:

• NOBLES: they were rich and they were the owners of the land.

• CLERGY: They were monks, bishops and priests.

• PEASANTS: It was the biggest group, they cultivated the land. 

CULTURAL HERITAGE.

• In the 12th Century were founded the first universities. The first one was the University of Palencia.

• In the early Middle Ages, churches were built in Romanesque Style: thick walls and small windows. 

• After the 13th Century, palaces and cathedrals were built in Gothic Style. They had pinted arches and large stained-glass windows. 

LET'S DO THE QUIZZ AND REVIEW ALL YOU HAVE LEARNT.

AL-ANDALUS IN THE IBERIAN PENINSULA (Unit 12-Science Y6)

In the last historical period we talked about the Visigoths. The Visigoths were in the Iberian Peninsula until the 711 A.D. when the King Roderic was defeated by the MUSLIMS. It was in this moment when this new historical period started.

LET'S HAVE A LOOK TO THIS VIDEO TO HAVE AN IDEA ABOUT HOW THE MUSLIM CONQUEST WAS. 

THE MUSLIM INVASION.

• Muslims from northern Africa invaded Visigothic Spain in 711 A.D.
• They ocuppied most of the Peninsula and the Balearic Islands.
• This territory was called Al Andalus, and its capital was Cordoba.
• Al Andalus became a province of the Muslim Empire. It was governed by the caliph of Damascus in Asia.

THE EMIRATE OF CALIPHATE OF CORDOBA.

• In 756 A.D. Abd ar-Rahman I established Al Andalus as an independent province or emirate.

• In 929 A.D. Al Andalus became a caliphate under Abd ar-Rahman III. He was the caliph, the maximum political and religious authoroty in Al Andalus. 

• The caliphate lasted until 1031 A.D. During this period, Al Andalus was divided into smaller kingdoms, called taifas.

THE END OF AL ANDALUS.

• The taifas fought among themselves and this helped the Christian Kingdoms to gain territory. 

• In 1212 A.D. The Christians defeated the Muslims at The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa.
• In 1492 A.D. the Catholic Monarchs conquered the only remaining Muslim Kingdom, the Kingdom of Granada. 

SOCIETY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE.

• Al Andalus society was formed by Muslims, Christians and Jews.
• It had great scienctists, suchs as doctors, mathematicians and geographers. The mathematicians created the systems of numbers which we used today
• The Muslims made great contibutions to society:

• CROPS: like rice.

• INSTRUMENTS: like compass.

• IRRIGATION SYSTEMS.

LET'S PLAY AND REVIEW WHAT YOU'VE LEARNT

VISIGOTHS IN THE IBERIAN PENINSULA (Unit 12-Science Y6)

Let's move onto the next period of History. Remember we have talked about Prehistory, Pre-Roman times, and the Roman Empire in the Iberian Peninsula. 
Now we will learn about the MIDDLE AGES, and today we will start when the Germanic Tribes conquered Hispania and defeated the Roman Empire.

This video will explain you what happened in the Iberian Peninsula during the MIDDLE AGES.

THE VISIGOTHS INVASION

If you have a look and think about this map. With a partner try to explain the Visigoth invasion.

Where did they come from? 

What parts of the Iberian Peninsula did they conquer first? 

Who were in the Peninsula before them?

THE VISIGOTHS.

 

• The Vandals, Alans and Suevi were tribes from Northern Europe. They invaded Hispania in 409 A.D.
• To fight against them Romans needed the help of Visigoths, another Germanic Tribe.
• They expelled Vandals and Alans and Visigoths established their own kingdom in The península. 

THE VISIGOTHIC KINGDOM.

• The Peninsula was controlled by the Visigoths and the Suevi (They were in the north-west).
• The Visigothic Kingdom was ruled by a King.

• Leovigild was one of the most important kings. He made Toledo the capital of the Kindom and conquered the Suevi.
• The Visigothic Kingdom lasted until 711 A.D. when Roderic was defeated by the Muslims.

VISIGOTHIC SOCIETY. 

• Visigothic unified their new kingdom by changing their own language, religion and lasw.
• They became Christians and based their laws on Roman laws. 

VISIGOTHIC HERITAGE.

• They built small stone Churches.
• They made jewellery with gold, silver and precious stones. 

LET'S PLAY WITH THIS CROSSWORD 

&

REVIEW WHAT YOU'VE LEARNT. 

PRESENTAMOS "VIAJANDO CON EL CIRCO"

BILINGÜISMO Y TIC: UNA RECETA CREATIVA