19th Century in SPAIN (Unit 13-Science Y6)

In this video you will know a bit more about one of the most important characters during this century: FERDINAND VII.

 

After you will watch at this video, you could answer these questions:

1. Who was Ferdinand VII's father?
2. Where was Ferdinand VII born?
3. Who helped Ferdinand VII?
4. Who was Ferdinand VII's heir?
5. Who was Ferdinand VII's brother?
6. Who was 'Pepe Botella'?
7. Why was Cadiz important?
8. How many stages were there in Ferdinand VII's reign?

You could look at the map to find all the important historic facts of the 19th century in Spain:


THE SPANISH WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

• In 1808:
• Napoleón Bonaparte, the Emperor of France, invaded Spain.
• The King Ferdinand VII was forced to abdicate.
• Napoleon's brother, Joseph Bonaparte, became king. 
• Opposition to his reign led to the Spanish War of Independence.
• The Spanish parliament, or Cortes, took refuge in Cadiz. In 1812 they wrote the first modern Constitution, the Constitution of Cadiz (La Pepa).
• It limited the king's power.
• It stablished the right of citizens, including the vote for 25 year-old men. 

THE RESTORATION OF FERDINAND VII:

• In 1814 Ferdinand VII was restored as King. Initially, he did not accept the Constitution and he ruled in an authoritarian manner.
• In 1820 Ferdinand VII was forced to accept the Constitution after the revolt. Three years later he was restored as an absolute monarch with the help of the French. 
• The political chaos in Spain caused an independence movement in the Spanish colonies in Spain.
• In 1824 all the American colonies except Cuba and Puerto Rico were independent. 

CONSERVATISM AND LIBERALISM:

In 1833, Ferdinand's daughter, Isabella II, came to the throne. During her reign there were conflicts between two groups:

• Conservatives, they had traditional values, and supported an absolute monarchy. 
• Liberals, they wanted reforms to modernise the country. They supported the Constitutions, and favoured limitations on the powers of the monarch. 

There were many coups d'etat by army officers and in 1868 Isabella was exiled. 

In 1873, the First Spanish Republic was proclaimed, but it lasted less than a year. In 1874, the monarchy was restored under Isabella's son, Alfonso XII. 

LET'S PLAY WITH THIS ACTIVITIES AND REVIEW THE LESSON. 

BOURBON SPAIN (Unit 13-Science Y6)

This short video will explain to you how it was started a new period in the history of Spain:

You could look at the map how the 18th Century was in Spain:

THE SPANISH WAR OF SUCCESSION

• Charles II, died in 1700, without descendants.
• Two Royal families claimed for the Spanish Throne: The French Bourbons and The Austrian Habsburgs.

As you can see in the map most of the European countries were involved in this long war, The Spanish War of Succession it lasted from the 1701 to the 1714.

When it ended Philip V, the French claimant, became the King of Spain. The Bourbon dinasty started and replaced the Habsburgs.

THE BOURBON DINASTY

• Philip V established the absolute monarchy. In which the monarch has all the power of the country. 

• Other Bourbon Kings were: Charles III and Charles IV. They introduce many reforms.
• Secretaries of states were appointed to help the king with different issues such the tax collection, the administration of American territories.
• To improve the economy they created small royal factories. 

SCIENCE AND CULTURE IN THE 18TH CENTURY:

 Science and Culture were very prominent during the 18th Century:

• Academies were founded, such the Royal Academy of Language.

• Daily newspapers appeared.

• Many museums and botanical gardens were created. 

LET'S CHECK ALL WHAT YOU HAVE JUST LEARNT ABOUT BOURBONS WITH THIS ACTIVITY. 

ENJOY & LEARN

CULTURAL SPLENDOUR & POLITICAL DECLINE (Unit 13-Science Y6)

In this video you will see one of the most important Spanish books around the world, this book was written during the Golden Age:

The Spanish Golden Age was a period of great artistic activity which lasted from about 1560 to 1680:

• ARCHITECTURE: 
• The Monastery of El Escorial was built in a simple, austere style in the 16th century.
• The Baroque style of rich ornamentation developed in the 17th century. A good example is the Cathedral of Seville.

• LITERATURE:
• Miguel de Cervantes wrote Don Quixote, one of the greatest books.
• Lope de Vega who wrote plays and poetry.
• Luis Góngora who wrote poetry.

• PAINTING: 
• In the 16th Century, El Greco became famous for his characteristic of elongated figures. 
• In the 17th century, Diego Velázquez painted his masterpieces.

THE 17th CENTURY CRISIS:

This map will show how was the political decline:

Three Habsburg kings reigned in the 17th century.

• Philip III (1598-1621)

• Philip IV (1621-1665)

• Charles II (1665-1700):

• They had ministers to help them to govern. Some of these ministers became extremely powerful.
• The 17th century was a period of political and military decline. 
• After lots of years of revolts they lost the Netherlands. 
• There were revolts in Catalonia and Portugal. At the end they lost Portugal. 
• Economy was stagnant and people were very hungry. 

THE SPANISH EMPIRE (Unit 13-Science Y6)

These are two maps how was Spain and the Spanish Empire after 1492 and then answer the questions:

• Who had the largest empire, Charles I or Philip II?
• Name some of the territories in the empires.
• Which territories were part of the empires of both kings?

With this video you will understand what happened along this period of History.

THE REIGN OF THE CATHOLIC MONARCHS

 

• The Catholic Monarch unified Spain geographically, and expanded its territories. 
• They conquered the Kingdom of Granada, the Canary Islands and some territories in North Africa. 
• They financed Christopher Columbus expedition, which led to the discovery of America. 

THE SPANISH EMPIRE

• Charles I, Isabella's grandson, became king of Spain in 1516. 
• He ruled a big empire, which included:
• The Catholic Monarchs' territories.
• The Netherlands.
• Other lands in Centra Europe. 
• He faced serious problems during his reign:
• Revolts in Spain.
• Wars in Europe (for political, social and religious reasons).

• Philip II, Charles I's heir, became king in 1556.
• His enormous empire included:
• The Iberian Peninsula.
• The Netherlands.
• Territories in southern Italy.
• America.
• Asia.
• Africa.
• He was involved in many wars:
• Against France in 1557.
• Against the Turks at the Batalla de Lepanto in 1571.
• Netherlands started a long rebellion.
• The wars were expensive so prices increased a lot and people became poorer. 
• In adittion, less gold and siver was sent from America. 

LET'S DO THIS ACTIVITY TO REVIEW WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNT ABOUT THE GREAT SPANISH EMPIRE. 

THE CHRISTIANS KINGDOMS (Unit 12-Science Y6)

We will continue learning about how things happened in the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages.
Remember first were the Visigoths then the peninsula was invaded by the Muslims, and now we are going to learn how the Christians reconquested The Iberian Peninsula.

This video will show you how everything took place.

THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS

You could look at the map below, how the reconquest was:

• The long period of expansion of the Christian kingdoms started only eleven years after the Muslins invasion. It is called RECONQUEST.

• By around 1230, there were FOUR LARGE KINGDOMS:
• KINGDOM OF PORTUGAL, it was independent from Leon.
• KINGDOM OF NAVARRE, Navarra and La Rioja.
• CROWN OF ARAGON: Catalonia Counties, Kingdom of Aragon, Valencia and Majorca.
• CROWN OF CASTILE: Includes the Kind of of Castille and the Kindom of Leon. Later it included Al Anlandalus. 

• In 1479, Isabella I of Castille married Ferdinand II of Aragon, and the Crown of Aragon and the Crown of Castile were united. 

 

MEDIEVAL SOCIETY

There were three groups of people:

• NOBLES: they were rich and they were the owners of the land.

• CLERGY: They were monks, bishops and priests.

• PEASANTS: It was the biggest group, they cultivated the land. 

CULTURAL HERITAGE

• In the 12th Century were founded the first universities. The first one was the University of Palencia.

• In the early Middle Ages, churches were built in Romanesque Style: thick walls and small windows. 

• After the 13th Century, palaces and cathedrals were built in Gothic Style. They had pinted arches and large stained-glass windows. 

LET'S DO THE QUIZ AND REVIEW ALL YOU HAVE LEARNT.

AL-ANDALUS IN THE IBERIAN PENINSULA (Unit 12-Science Y6)

In the last historical period we talked about the Visigoths. The Visigoths were in the Iberian Peninsula until the 711 A.D. when the King Roderic was defeated by the MUSLIMS. It was in this moment when this new historical period started.

LET'S HAVE A LOOK TO THIS VIDEO TO HAVE AN IDEA ABOUT HOW THE MUSLIM CONQUEST WAS. 

How was the Muslim conquest?

You could look at the map which is below how the Muslims were in the Iberian Peninsula from 711 up to 1492.

THE MUSLIM INVASION.

• Muslims from northern Africa invaded Visigothic Spain in 711 A.D.
• They ocuppied most of the Peninsula and the Balearic Islands.
• This territory was called Al Andalus, and its capital was Cordoba.
• Al Andalus became a province of the Muslim Empire. It was governed by the caliph of Damascus in Asia.

THE EMIRATE OF CALIPHATE OF CORDOBA.

• In 756 A.D. Abd ar-Rahman I established Al Andalus as an independent province or emirate.

• In 929 A.D. Al Andalus became a caliphate under Abd ar-Rahman III. He was the caliph, the maximum political and religious authoroty in Al Andalus. 

• The caliphate lasted until 1031 A.D. During this period, Al Andalus was divided into smaller kingdoms, called taifas.

THE END OF AL ANDALUS.

• The taifas fought among themselves and this helped the Christian Kingdoms to gain territory. 

• In 1212 A.D. The Christians defeated the Muslims at The Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa.
• In 1492 A.D. the Catholic Monarchs conquered the only remaining Muslim Kingdom, the Kingdom of Granada. 

SOCIETY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE.

• Al Andalus society was formed by Muslims, Christians and Jews.
• It had great scienctists, suchs as doctors, mathematicians and geographers. The mathematicians created the systems of numbers which we used today
• The Muslims made great contibutions to society:

• CROPS: like rice.

• INSTRUMENTS: like compass.

• IRRIGATION SYSTEMS.

LET'S PLAY AND REVIEW WHAT YOU'VE LEARNT

VISIGOTHS IN THE IBERIAN PENINSULA (Unit 12-Science Y6)

Let's move onto the next period of History. Remember we have talked about Prehistory, Pre-Roman times, and the Roman Empire in the Iberian Peninsula. 
Now we will learn about the MIDDLE AGES, and today we will start when the Germanic Tribes conquered Hispania and defeated the Roman Empire.

This video will explain you what happened in the Iberian Peninsula during the MIDDLE AGES.

THE VISIGOTHS INVASION

If you have a look and think about this map. With a partner try to explain the Visigoth invasion.

Where did they come from? 

What parts of the Iberian Peninsula did they conquer first? 

Who were in the Peninsula before them?

THE VISIGOTHS.

 

• The Vandals, Alans and Suevi were tribes from Northern Europe. They invaded Hispania in 409 A.D.
• To fight against them Romans needed the help of Visigoths, another Germanic Tribe.
• They expelled Vandals and Alans and Visigoths established their own kingdom in The península. 

THE VISIGOTHIC KINGDOM.

• The Peninsula was controlled by the Visigoths and the Suevi (They were in the north-west).
• The Visigothic Kingdom was ruled by a King.

• Leovigild was one of the most important kings. He made Toledo the capital of the Kindom and conquered the Suevi.
• The Visigothic Kingdom lasted until 711 A.D. when Roderic was defeated by the Muslims.

VISIGOTHIC SOCIETY. 

• Visigothic unified their new kingdom by changing their own language, religion and laws.
• They became Christians and based their laws on Roman laws. 

VISIGOTHIC HERITAGE.

• They built small stone Churches.
• They made jewellery with gold, silver and precious stones. 

LET'S PLAY WITH THIS CROSSWORD 

&

REVIEW WHAT YOU'VE LEARNT. 

PRE-ROMAN TIMES (Unit 11-Science Y6)

When we talk about pre-Roman Times we are speaking about all the time which goes from the Prehistory to the Roman Empire in the Iberian Península. 

During this time in the Iberian Peninsula there were different groups of inhabitants: The Celts, The Iberians, The tartessians, The Phoenicians, The Greeks and The Cartaginians.

With this video you will understand better the beggining of this period, Let's have a look to the history of the Celts. 

The Iberians: they lived in the east and south of Spain. They were warriors, herders, farmers, craftsmen, merchants and slaves.

The Celts stayed in Spain in the north and the centre. Their tribes were divided into family clans. They were herders and farmers. They were also expert metalworkers, they made jewellery, weapons and tools.

Celts and Iberians mixed to form the Celtiberians. 

The Tartessians lived in the Guadalquivir valley (It was rich in metals: gold, silver and copper). They were great travellers and expert metalworkers and salt producers. 

The Phoenicians were traders from Asia. They were settled on the south coast. They founded Gades (Cadiz). Thay became important trading partners of the Tartessians. 

The Greeks settled on the Mediterranean coast. They came to trade ceramic objects for metals. They founded the city of Denia. 

The Carthaginians came from the North Africa to trade metals and cloth. They also settled on the Mediterranean coast and founded the city of Cartagena. 

All of this colonising civilisations left culturan legacies, such as the alphabet and metal coins. 

Ver Pre-Roman Times en un mapa más grande

LET'S PLAY AND REVIEW ALL YOUR KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE PRE-ROMAN TIMES.